The Music of Good Person of Szechwan

Paul Dessau wrote the music for Good Person in 1947 and ’48, five years after the original production, which had music composed by the Swiss composer Georg Fruh. Dessau was a favorite collaborator of Brecht, mostly because he was so agreeable to everything Brecht asked of him. “I have no pride. When a genius says something good to me, I believe him. I work on what he gives me as if it were my own.”
The resulting compositions are a striking demonstration of Brecht’s story-telling style. The music in Good Person reflects the attitude of the narrative in precisely the way Brecht preferred. Many of the melodies are pleasant to the ear, but are harmonized with dissonant chords. Some have a regular rhythm much of the time, but then there will be a measure with too few or too many beats. We can never relax, listening to it.
There are several categories of music in the score: strophic songs, where there are multiple verses sung to the same music; spoken songs, where the accompaniment is played but the voice doesn’t follow a melody; spoken texts with fragments of instrumental lines interspersed; and instrumental underscoring.
Brecht felt that all the elements of theater, music, scenery, lighting, costuming, acting, and singing, should comment separately. “Song of Smoke” has a cynical attitude, but the music is soothing. Our expectations of the way lyrics and accompaniment should match create a contradiction in our perception of it, forcing us to consider why it feels so alien.
For the production currently running at the Arts Bank, through November 19th, some adaptation of Dessau’s music was needed. It is our strong feeling that amplification by means of microphones was not an option. We want the audience to work to listen, and so we decided not to use Dessau’s instrumentation, which is too loud much of the time. He calls for flute, clarinet, trumpet, multiple percussion, guitar, and piano. We have actors who are also accomplished musicians, so we incorporate them into the accompaniment, which in itself is an alienating effect. A recorder stands in for the flute, mandolin and violin take the place of the clarinet, horn instead of trumpet. Percussion and guitar are as written. We use piano for most parts of the score, but use the instruments to point up specific places in the play.

The catchiest tune in the play is “The Song of the Eighth Elephant,” which appears in the tobacco factory scene. Workers, bullied by Yang Sun, sing about Little Brother, who in turn bosses his elephant brothers into tough physical labor for the sake of his own boss. The rhythm is relentless, and we reflect it in the slapping of hands on the factory benches, as well as with piano and drums, while Yang Sun whacks metal pipes together in time. We also use the melody in an eerie, a capella version at the top of Act II.
The music jolts, soothes, and intrudes throughout the play, and tells the story beyond the spoken lines.